Introduction: Suicide has been an incredibly sensitive topic throughout much of human history, and many religious teachings have elements of the taboo related to the act of taking one’s own life. The Bible has a wealth of teachings on suicide and its consequences, and is one of the primary sources for understanding its moral implications. In this article, we’ll explore what the Bible has to say about suicide, and use this as a basis to understand its moral implications.
From an academic standpoint, suicide has been a source of debate and discussion amongst theologians and scripture experts alike. Many have read the Bible and sought out an understanding of suicide through its teachings. According to industry expert, Dr. Stephen Sider, an Associate Professor of Biblical Studies at Johannesburg University, “The Bible is vague on the topic of suicide and there is no one-size-fits-all answer, which makes the moral implications of suicide all the more complex.”
The complex nature of the discussion surrounding suicide is largely due to its multidisciplinary approach. It involves religion, ethics, morality, and philosophy, among other lenses. That being said, the Bible still serves as a significant source of information on the matter. Let’s take a closer look.
What Does the Bible Say About Suicide?
The Bible discusses suicide in various verses and passages, with some verses providing a more direct reference, while others are more vague. One of the clearest references to suicide can be seen in Matthew 27:5, which states “Then he threw down the pieces of silver in the temple and departed, and went and hanged himself.” The verse is a clear reference to Judas Iscariot, and how he killed himself after betraying Jesus.
In Exodus 20:13, suicide is seen as against God’s commandment and will, as it states “Thou shalt not kill.” This is not to say that those who commit suicide are characterized in the same way as other murders, as punishment for killing oneself is not discussed the same way. However, it does suggest that God still views suicide as an unforgivable sin, much like other forms of killing.
The Bible also discusses suicide indirectly in various other verses. For example, Romans 12:19 states “Do not take revenge, my dear friends, but leave room for God’s wrath, for it is written: ‘It is mine to avenge; I will repay,’ says the Lord.” The verse implies that God will deliver justice, and not the individual. This could suggest that suicide is not authorized through the Bible, as it is the Lord’s prerogative to carry out justice.
Philosophical Implications
Given the complexity of the topic, understanding what the Bible has to say about suicide can help us better understand its philosophical implications. Dr. Sider explains that “the Bible is not clear on what punishment awaits those who commit suicide. However, it does provide an awareness of the consequences of such actions.” This means that suicide is seen as a moral wrong, even if the exact consequences are unspecified.
When considering the philosophical implications of suicide in the Bible, it’s also important to look at its direct and indirect implications. In terms of direct implications, it is clear that the Bible views suicide as a sin and it will not be tolerated by God. This creates a sense of fear and guilt surrounding the otherwise taboo act. In terms of indirect implications, the Bible supports a notion that God is the only one who can grant justice, and not man.
By looking at the specific references to suicide in the Bible, we can better understand its moral implications and how it shapes our views on such a sensitive topic. Let’s now examine the historical context of suicide in the Bible.
Historical Context
When considering the historical context of suicide in the Bible, it’s important to first look at the time in which it was written. According to Dr. Sider, the Bible was written mostly during the Ancient Middle East and Greco-Roman periods, which spanned roughly 1200 B.C.E. to 330 C.E. During this time, suicide was largely seen as an immoral act, likely due to societal pressures and a fear of the unknown.
In Roman society, for example, suicide was seen as a cowardly act, and the deceased was often denied a proper burial. In some cases, the body was even thrown into a river or burned. Therefore, it’s not hard to see why the Bible views suicide as an unforgivable sin.
Additionally, in the Greco-Roman period suicide was seen as an indication of defeat, which was anathema to the society’s ideals. This led to much of the disdain for suicide in the Bible, as well as its strong moral implications. So, when understanding the historical context of suicide in the Bible, it is important to take into account the cultural and social norms of the time.
Modern Interpretations
In the modern context, however, suicide has been seen in a different light due to increased knowledge on mental health and its influence on behavior. This doesn’t necessarily change or contradict the Bible’s teachings, but rather provides a better understanding of why people may choose to take their own life.
Dr. Sider suggests that “while suicide is still a sin according to the Bible, modern interpretations of the text often consider it in the context of mental health and illness. In some cases, suicide can be viewed as an act of desperation, not necessarily related to a lack of faith in God.” In other words, it is possible to look at suicide not as an immoral act, but rather as an act of desperation, which can lead to a better understanding of this difficult and sensitive topic.
Moreover, it is important to remember that the Bible does not condone suicide, but rather serves as a guide for understanding it and its moral implications in a better context. It does not act as a judgment of those who take their own life, but rather provides an educational lens to which scholars and theologians alike can look at the matter.
Preventative Measures
When it comes to preventative measures, the Bible serves as a source of information, not a way of punishing those who have committed suicide or even contemplated it. Thus, while suicide is still seen as an unforgivable sin, it also serves as an educational tool to understanding the implications of such an act, and how it can be prevented.
To that end, the Bible outlines various ways to deal with depression, grief, and despair that can lead to suicide. These range from Jesus’ example of love, to other religious figures who sought comfort in prayer and faith. In this way, the Bible can serve as a source of comfort, rather than judgment, and be used as a way of supporting those who struggle with suicidal thoughts.
Additionally, the Bible provides advice on how to approach others who may be in danger of taking their own life. For example, Ecclesiastes 3:11 urges readers to “…put your arms around anyone who is in need or feeling grief.” This shows that even in dark times, there is still hope to be found, and that it is the duty of Christians to provide support and comfort to those in need.
Psychological Effects of Restoring Self Worth
When it comes to suicide, the psychological effects of restoring self worth are also an important factor to consider. The Bible provides a wealth of encouragements to build one’s self esteem and regain strength. Proverbs 18:10 says “The name of the Lord is a strong tower; the righteous run into it and are safe.” This shows that those struggling with suicidal thoughts can seek divine protection and comfort from God.
In addition, Proverbs 29:25 encourages us to “fear the Lord and put your trust in him.” This indicates that those facing suicidal thoughts should seek out divine help, which can restore faith in one’s ability and provide strength in times of weakness.
Finally, Ecclesiastes 3:1-2 counsels readers to “be content with what they have and accept God’s timing in their lives.” This indicates that trusting God and accepting his will can help restore one’s strength and provide hope in difficult times.
Rehabilitation and Treatment
Finally, when looking at suicide in the Bible, it’s important to consider rehabilitation and treatment for those affected by it. In this case, the Bible provides guidance on how to approach both. For instance, in James 5:13 it is written “Is anyone among you in trouble? Let them pray.” This suggests that prayer can provide comfort and relief from suicidal thoughts.
In addition, John 8:12 states “Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.” This is an encouragement to follow God’s path, and to seek out divine guidance in times of difficulty. This suggests that those struggling with suicidal thoughts should reach out to God and ask for His guidance and protection.
Moreover, Matthew 6:33 says “Seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things will be added unto you.” This implies that those suffering from suicidal thoughts should focus on God and His will, which can provide comfort and peace in times of despair.
Conclusion
Ultimately, the Bible provides an important and valuable perspective on suicide, and its moral implications. While suicide is still viewed as an unforgivable sin, the Bible provides much-needed guidance on how to approach it from a moral and philosophical standpoint. Moreover, it encourages us to show compassion and understanding to those who may be affected by suicidal thoughts, and suggests ways to provide support and comfort. Thus, the Bible is an invaluable source of information when it comes to the discussion of suicide.
